This study demonstrates the optimization of an electroporation (EP) microchip system for gene transfection using the Taguchi method. The computer-aided engineering simulations show that approximately 80% of the cells are distributed in the middle region of the reaction chamber and are subjected to the applied electric field. A smaller electrode gap, such as 50 μm, gained a larger and more uniform …

Administration of exogenous neurotrophic growth factors is considered as a potential therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have shown that glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily member, given by factor infusion or gene therapy can enhance neuronal survival, fiber regeneration, and recovery of hindlimb …

Understanding the mechanism of how fear memory can be extinguished could provide potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders. Pavlovian fear conditioning is a behavioral procedure in which a cue (conditioned stimulus [CS]) induces a fear response when it is repeatedly paired with a noxious stimulus, often a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]). However, …

Surface plasmon (SP) is the coherent fluctuations of electron charges at the metal-dielectric interface.  These charge fluctuations represent electromagnetic surface modes with the fields highest at the interface and decaying exponentially into both media.  On a flat metal surface, SPs can be excited by incident radiation through the grating coupler.  Notably, SPs also exist on …